Thermoelectric properties of spark plasma sintered composites based on TiNiSn half-Heusler alloys

Half-Heusler (HH) and especially TiNiSn-based alloys have shown high potential as thermoelectric (TE) materials for power generation applications. The reported transport properties show, however, a significant spread of results, due mainly to the difficulty in fabricating single-phase HH samples in these multicomponent and multiphased systems. In particular, little attention has been paid to the influence of the various minority phases on the TE performance of these compounds. A clear understanding of these issues is mandatory for the design of improved and stable TE HH-based composites. This study examines the structural and compositional influence of the residual metallic (Sn) and intermetallic phases (mainly Ti₆Sn₅ and the Heusler compound TiNi₂Sn) on the TE properties of the TiNiSn HH compounds processed by spark plasma sintering.