Three Party Secure Computation with Friends and Foes

Bar Alon, Amos Beimel, Eran Omri

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionpeer-review

Abstract

In secure multiparty computation (MPC), the goal is to allow a set of mutually distrustful parties to compute some function of their private inputs in a way that preserves security properties, even in the face of adversarial behavior by some of the parties. However, classical security definitions do not pose any privacy restrictions on the view of honest parties. Thus, if an attacker adversarially leaks private information to honest parties, it does not count as a violation of privacy. This is arguably undesirable, and in real-life scenarios, it is hard to imagine that possible users would agree to have their private information revealed, even if only to other honest parties. To address this issue, Alon et al. [CRYPTO 20] introduced the notion of security with friends and foes (FaF security). In essence, (t, h)-FaF security requires that a malicious adversary corrupting up to t parties cannot help a coalition of h semi-honest parties to learn anything beyond what they can learn from their inputs and outputs (combined with the input and outputs of the malicious parties). They further showed that (t, h)-FaF security with n parties is achievable for any functionality if 2 t+ h< n, and for some functionality, (t, h)-FaF security is impossible assuming 2 t+ h≥ n. A remaining important open problem is to characterize the set of n-party functionalities that can be computed with (t, h)-FaF security assuming 2 t+ h≥ n. In this paper, we focus on the special, yet already challenging, case of (1, 1)-FaF security for three-party, 2-ary (two inputs), symmetric (all parties output the same value) functionalities. We provide several positive results, a lower bound on the round complexity, and an impossibility result. In particular, we prove the following. (1) we identify a large class of three-party Boolean symmetric 2-ary functionalities that can be computed with (1, 1)-FaF full security, and (2) We identify a large class of three-party (possibly non-Boolean) symmetric 2-ary functionalities, for which no O(log κ) -round protocol computes them with (1, 1)-FaF full security. This matches the round complexity of our positive results for various interesting functionalities, such as equality of strings.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationTheory of Cryptography - 21st International Conference, TCC 2023, Proceedings
EditorsGuy Rothblum, Hoeteck Wee
PublisherSpringer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages156-185
Number of pages30
ISBN (Print)9783031486173
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2023
Event21st International conference on Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2023 - Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China
Duration: 29 Nov 20232 Dec 2023

Publication series

NameLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume14370 LNCS
ISSN (Print)0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)1611-3349

Conference

Conference21st International conference on Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2023
Country/TerritoryTaiwan, Province of China
CityTaipei
Period29/11/232/12/23

Keywords

  • MPC with friends and foes
  • full security
  • lower bounds
  • protocols

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • General Computer Science

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