Tough high modulus hydrogels derived from carbon-nitride via an ethylene glycol co-solvent route

Baris Kumru, Valerio Molinari, Menny Shalom, Markus Antonietti, Bernhard V.K.J. Schmidt

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

31 Scopus citations

Abstract

High concentration formulations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) are utilized as photoinitiator and reinforcer for hydrogels. In order to integrate significant amounts of g-CN, ethylene glycol (EG) is employed as a co-solvent for the gel formation, which enables stable dispersion of up to 4 wt% g-CN. Afterwards, EG can be removed easily via solvent exchange to afford pure hydrogels. The diverse gels possess remarkably high storage moduli (up to 650 kPa for gels and 720 kPa for hydrogels) and compression moduli (up to 9.45 MPa for 4 wt% g-CN EG gel and 3.45 MPa for 4 wt% g-CN hydrogel). Full recovery without energy loss is observed for at least 20 cycles. Moreover, gel formation can be performed in a spatially controlled way utilizing photomasks with desired shapes. Therefore, the suggested method enables formation of hybrid gels by optical lithography with outstanding mechanical properties very similar to natural cartilage and tendon, and opens up opportunities for future applications in photocatalysis, additive manufacturing of biomedical implants and coating materials.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2655-2664
Number of pages10
JournalSoft Matter
Volume14
Issue number14
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2018

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Chemistry
  • Condensed Matter Physics

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