Abstract
Flow equations for salt and water in double-layer membranes are suggested and salt rejection as a function of transport coefficients is derived. Salt rejection at given volume flow is completely determined by the reflection coefficient and salt permeability of the dense layer. Salt rejection was measured as a function of flow rate for modified cellulose-acetate membranes heat-treated at different temperatures. The maximal salt rejection observed with these membranes ranged from 69-99%. Salt-rejection curves were calculated from the independently measured transport-coefficients. Good agreement between the calculated and observed curves was found. This approach makes it possible to separate the influence of flow rate on salt rejection from eventual pressure-induced changes in membrane structure.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 327-341 |
| Number of pages | 15 |
| Journal | Desalination |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Jan 1966 |
| Externally published | Yes |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemistry
- General Chemical Engineering
- General Materials Science
- Water Science and Technology
- Mechanical Engineering