U(1) symmetries in F-theory GUTs with multiple sections

We present a systematic construction of F-theory compactifications with Abelian gauge symmetries in addition to a non-Abelian gauge group G. The formalism is generally applicable to models in global Tate form but we focus on the phenomenologically interesting case of G = SU(5). The Abelian gauge factors arise due to extra global sections resulting from a specific factorisation of the Tate polynomial which describes the elliptic fibration. These constructions, which accommodate up to four different U(1) factors, are worked out in detail for the two possible embeddings of a single U(1) factor into E ₈, usually denoted SU(5) × U(1) _X and SU(5) × U(1) _PQ . The resolved models can be understood either patchwise via a small resolution or in terms of P_1,1,2 [4] description of the elliptic fibration. We derive the U(1) charges of the fields from the geometry, construct the U(1) gauge fluxes and exemplify the structure of the Yukawa interaction points. A particularly interesting result is that the global SU(5) × U(1) _PQ model exhibits extra SU(5)-singlet states which are incompatible with a single global decomposition of the 248 of E ₈. The states in turn lead to new Yukawa type couplings which have not been considered in local model building.