Unknown malcode detection via text categorization and the imbalance problem

Today's signature-based anti-viruses are very accurate, but are limited in detecting new malicious code. Currently, dozens of new malicious codes are created every day, and this number is expected to increase in the coming years. Recently, classification algorithms were used successfully for the detection of unknown malicious code. These studies used a test collection with a limited size where the same malicious-benign-file ratio in both the training and test sets, which does not reflect real-life conditions. In this paper we present a methodology for the detection of unknown malicious code, based on text categorization concepts. We performed an extensive evaluation using a test collection that contains more than 30,000 malicious and benign flies, in which we investigated the imbalance problem. In real-life scenarios, the malicious file content is expected to be low, about 10% of the total files. For practical purposes, it is unclear as to what the corresponding percentage in the training set should be. Our results indicate that greater than 95% accuracy can be achieved through the use of a training set that contains below 20% malicious file content.