Urinary tract infection in young infants discharged from the emergency room with normal urinalysis

Aim: We describe the clinical, microbiologic, therapeutic, and outcome characteristics of infants under three months of age with a positive urine culture reported after discharge from emergency department with normal urinalysis. Methods: We enrolled all infants with a urine culture obtained during an emergency room visit during 2004–2012, discharged without antibiotic therapy and subsequently reported with a positive urine culture. Results: Three hundred and ninety-three positive urine cultures were reported; 46/393 (11.7%, 42 in patients under two months of age) had positive urine cultures following normal urinalysis at first visit. Fifteen (33%) had positive urine cultures at second visit; 11/15 (73%) infants with second positive urine culture were under one month of age, eight were asymptomatic and seven had mild symptoms at second visit. Pathogens isolated in all 15 infants were identical between first and second visit. All 27 infants re-examined at second visit at the emergency room were hospitalised, completed sepsis work/up and received antibiotic treatment. None developed serious bacterial infections. Conclusion: We propose a new management approach for young infants with normal urinalysis and positive urine culture and suggest restricting the management option including hospitalisation, sepsis work/up and antibiotic treatment at second visit only to infants under one month of age.