Variegation in Second Temple Period Hebrew: Passive t-Stems, the הלז Demonstrative Series, and אפוא in Samaritan Hebrew and in the Dead Sea Scrolls

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls changed the study of Second Temple period Judaism drastically, in many respects. Leaving the plethora of hitherto unknown Hebrew and Aramaic texts aside, it also led to a reassessment of previously known sources, be they apocryphal and pseudepigraphic books or the various ancient versions of the Bible. Indeed, our understanding of the development and canonization of the biblical text in Second Temple times could be refined considerably as the Qumran material was successively and successfully integrated into to the broader picture. It is in this area of Pentateuchal textual criticism and canonization processes