Wrinkling of interfacial layers in stratified composites

Many structured composites in nature possess undulating and wrinkled interfacial layers that regulate mechanical, chemical, acoustic, adhesive, thermal, electrical, and optical functions, and also serve to reveal underlying physiological mechanisms in the diagnosis of diseases. The analytical models together with the numerical approaches provide the ability to derive biomimetic principles for active and multi-functional hybrid materials or actuating devices, or functionally graded materials. In particular, the direct outcomes of this deformation-induced and mechanically tunable interfacial boundary include the change in the morphology of the interfaces and its impact on the overall mechanical and multi-functional performance of the layered structure together with the increased interfacial area per unit length on other properties.